Single-Sex Schooling Causes Stereotyping and Legitimizes...

There is a long history of single-sex schooling, in which males and females attend specific classes or schools only with members of their same sex. This separation of genders may be done for educational purposes or in combination with other factors, such as social interactions that occur between male and female students. There is some support for the idea that single-sex schooling can be beneficial, especially for outcomes related to academic achievement and more positive academic aspirations (Lee, 2008). Although, there are many benefits of children attending single-sex schools, evidence shows that sex segregation can also gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism (Kennedy, 2000). One of the benefits of attending single sex†¦show more content†¦The study was the first meta-analysis of sex differences in brain structures - which resulted in evidence that female brains are different than mal. The results of the Cambridge University study showed that male brains have an average of a total capacity that is between eight and thirteen percent larger than females. Because of this data, there is a great chance that coeducation will not work satisfactorily for every student, especially in relation to teaching methods that cater better to one specific gender than the other. Thus, males and females are proven to learn differently, and contain information differently as well. The theory that males and females think and learn differently has come from a range of sources and ideas, including research on the brain. According to a 2007 longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study led by a team of neuroscientists from the National Institute of Mental Health, various brain regions develop in a different sequence and tempo in girls compared with boys (NeuroImage, Vol. 36, No. 4). Using 829 brain scans gathered over two years from 387 subjects from 3 to 27 years old, researchers found several remarkable differences. The occipital lobe, for example — the one most associated with visual processing — shows rapid development in girls 6 to 10 years old, while boys show the largest growth in this region after 14 years old. Other studies have also shown disparities in language processing between the

Melancholy Hamlet Essay - 1977 Words

Melancholy Hamlet In Shakespeare’s tragic drama, Hamlet, the multi-faceted character of the hero is so complex that this essay will enlighten the reader on only one aspect of his personality – his melancholy dimension. Our understanding of the true extent of the protagonist’s melancholic mental state needs to be informed. A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy presents convincing evidence regarding the true depth of the hero’s melancholy sentiment: Hamlet and Horatio are supposed to be fellow-students at Wittenberg, and to have left it for Elsinore less than two months ago. Yet Hamlet hardly recognizes Horatio at first, and speaks as if he himself lived at Elsinore (I refer to his bitter jest, ‘We’ll teach†¦show more content†¦The prince is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father. There is a social gathering of the court, where Hamlet is present, dressed in black, the color of mourning, for his deceased father. His first words say that Claudius is A little more than kin and less than kind, indicating a disapproval of the new king’s values. Hamlet’s first soliloquy is quite depressing; it emphasizes the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage to her husband’s brother: Must I remember? why, she would hang on him, As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on: and yet, within a month-- Let me not think ont--Frailty, thy name is woman! [. . .] . (1.2) Soon Horatio and Marcellus make contact with Hamlet and escort him to the ramparts of Elsinore. Philip Edwards’ â€Å"The Ghost: Messenger from a Higher Court of Values?† explains what the protagonist wants from the ethereal messenger: â€Å"The Ghost may have some secret, some unimaginable truth to bring relief from those ‘thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls’, an explanation why things are as they are and a directive for meaningful action† (66-67). At one a.m. the ghost reveals to the protagonist that King Hamlet was murdered by Claudius, who had a relationship with Gertrude prior to the murder; the ghost requests revenge by Hamlet: â€Å"RevengeShow MoreRelated Melancholy in Hamlet Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Melancholy in Hamletnbsp;nbsp; Melancholy has caused many to look down on the world and themselves, driving themselves to suicide or treating their life like it has no meaning. Hamlet is a lonely and melancholic soul who doesnt think highly of women or his own life. Melancholy forms the basis of Hamlets character starting with the moment he arrives in Denmark and hitting a low note when Ophelia dies. Thoughts of suicide loomed throughout the play commencing with the news of old HamletsRead More Hamlet, the Melancholy One Essay3212 Words   |  13 PagesHamlet, the Melancholy One      Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet features the most famous protagonist in English literature – Hamlet. Inseparable from his character is the melancholy which permanently afflicted him. This essay concerns itself with this aspect of Hamlet.    Harry Levin explains the choices open to the melancholy hero in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare:    The explanation of Hamlet, â€Å"What a piece of work is a man!† (II.ii.303), carries an ironicRead MoreThe Discourse Of Shakespeare s Hamlet ( Rough Draft )1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Discourse of Dance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet (Rough Draft) Alan Brissenden, a noted dance critic and Shakespearean scholar, asserts that â€Å"when Shakespeare uses dance it always contributes to plot, character, or imagery, and sometimes to all of these at one time (â€Å"Jacobean† 249). In the comedies, dance is used in the first few acts of the play to create an atmosphere of dramatic irony: dance, in its fundamental purpose in the Elizabethan and Jacobean theater was to create a sense of harmony andRead MoreTragedy: Shakespeares Hamlet and Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1007 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the objective is to divulge the quintessence of humanity. Although the protagonists in both works of literature have drastically different journeys that lead to climactic endings, the use of plot is to demonstrate that the essence of mankind is ultimately a tragedy if great care is not taken. Both Hamlet and Jay Gatsby are unable to focus on t he reality of the situation, and rather waste valuable timeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1474 Words   |  6 PagesBibliography There are no sources in the current document. Hamed Alanazi English 230 Dec 4, 2015 Hamlet Hamlet, a play written by William Shakespeare is very close to the dramatic conventions of the revenge in Elizabeth era. All the revenge conventions are used in Hamlet which made it a typical revenge play. Hamlet is one of those Elizabethan heroes considered themselves seriously mistreated by an influential figure with having a desire to avenge the crime against their family. Shakespeare learnedRead MoreUnderstanding the Mind of Hamlet with His Soliloquies Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesUnderstanding the Mind of Hamlet with His Soliloquies The term soliloquy is a literary or dramatic form of discourse, within which a character talks to himself and reveals his inner thoughts without addressing a listener. Hamlet uses soliloquies to express his feelings towards his dead father and self loathing to the reader of the play but to none of the characters within it. Hamlet has a complex character and it is important for the audience to be able to understandRead MoreThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pages Hamlet Texts reflect their context and paradigms but transcendental texts that explore aspects of humanity can resonate through time and remain relevant and accessible to audiences. William Shakespeare’s introspective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. Although these deeply human ideas ensure the plays resonance, they are somewhat secondary to the depths of Hamlet’s human struggle. These thematic concernsRead MoreOphelia in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesOphelia in William Shakespeares Hamlet Shakespeares Hamlet is a tale of mortal revenge, lost souls, love and infidelity, and murder in the royal family. Hamlet, his father having recently died, is mourning the marriage of his mother to his uncle. When his fathers ghost appears to him and tells him he must avenge the former kings spirit so that it may pass on to Heaven, he decides to put on an antic disposition so that no one will know what he is thinking. As time goes by, he cannot moveRead MoreHamlets Madness: Feigned or Real Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most analyzed plays in existence is Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: â€Å"Is Hamlet’s madness feigned or real?† This question can only be answered through the portrayal of his character when he is associated with the other characters in the play. In Shakespeare’s play Prince Hamlet pretends to insane or mad, in order to thwart and baffle those who prevent him in his quest for revenge. Hamlet poses a via ble threat to Claudius throne whether sane or insane, and HamletsRead More Soliloquy and Revenge in Hamlet Essay662 Words   |  3 PagesSoliloquy and Revenge in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   The soliloquy is a literary device that is employed to unconsciously reveal an actors thoughts to the audience. In William Shakespeares, Hamlet, Hamlets soliloquy in Act II, ii, (576-634) depicts his arrival at a state of vengeful behaviour through an internal process. Hamlet moves through states of depression and procrastination as he is caught up in the aftermath of the murder of his father and the marriage of his mother to his uncle. The soliloquy

Organizational behavior term paper Free Essays

string(78) " survey of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements\." Dear Sir I am delighted to submit an original term paper entitled â€Å"Study of Organizational Behavior in Bangladesh Organization† by my own for consideration of participating n a part of your instruction. We previously reveal all the portion of the course – Organizational Behavior through your smooth direction, and this term paper builds from our fascinating sketch to determine the condition of behavior management through the industry in this country. In this work I tried to elaborate a abbreviated picture of behavior management in Bangladesh organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational behavior term paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe that this manuscript is appropriate to find the satisfactory requirement of your consideration whatever you demanded. I hereby declare that this term paper is my own work and the paper has not copied from anyone. Effort and all other sources of information contained therein have been acknowledged. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, University of Asia Pacific. Acknowledgement First I am very grateful to my Almighty for whom I can compose this research paper successfully in due time. I am obliged to my honorable instructor, Mr.. Cadenzas Chowder under whose guidance and support, this term paper is composed with patience and sincerity. He always motivated us to work on this topic. I would also like to thank Mr.. Human Kabuki, deputy general manager of Crony Group who helps me y giving his valuable time to complete the survey in his own place. The theoretical abstract I have used in this paper is based on the text part of the course – MURMUR and on the lecture of the instructor. I also insert some theoretic division from other eBooks. Table of Content Chapter Title Page No Chapter 1 1. 1 Introduction 8 1. 2 Objective 1. 3 Methodology 9 1. 4 Limitation 1. Scope Chapter 2 Literary Study Chapter 3 Company Profile 32-36 Chapter 4 Findings of Study 37-42 Chapter 5 Conclusion Chapter # 01 Introduction Management is the set of obligations which manage an organization by planning, organizing and leading and directed at an organization’s resources with the aim of achieving organizational goal in an effici ent and effective manner. In an organization every manager has to manage the organizational resources and the goal would be always as productivity. In early age the managerial role of every organization find the financial, physical and human as a tool of resources to get the goal like productivity. But today the management of organization rethink that the human resources are not only as a tool of business. They have a colorful mind which works differently in the time of work in terms of productivity. It has to be managed to reflect a better output in terms of productivity. So from when the management starts to manage the behavior of human resources then a new theory of management was spring upped through the society of organizational management called behavior management or organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting. In every organization there are some people who work in it. Different people has different act of behavior. Sometimes the company is affected by these different behaviors in terms f productivity. Then it would be essential to manage their behavior by the managerial role of the organization. When they do so, then it would be called that the organizational behavior is applied through the organization. In modern time every organization need to manage the behavior of their human resources in order to survive within competition, because it has an ability to arise some extra output by the same resources in terms of productivity. In order to provide an understanding of what goes on at the organization, we need to study about the whole animation of the organization. In this term paper I observe the managerial action of a company and find out some level of observation to identify the nature of management. The whole work whatever I performed in this study was based on the behavioral management that ponders the management of the human resources in terms of behavior to bring out a better productivity in an organization. The main objective of this study is to find out that the behavior management is applied or not in an organization in real life. Dodo so, I had gone too very popular garment factory ;Bantu Color Tex’ the mother factory of the ;crony Group† in Marrying. This is a labor intensive industry which deals with huge number of labors in terms of management within their daily operations. In order to survey the study I had meet with their some top and mid level employee as well as managerial role especially ;Mr.. Human Kabuki† the depute general manager who assemble me with their whole management of behavior management for their workers. 1. Methodology All the information of this study was collected on both primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources were used for fixing the theoretical part of the paper and the primary sources was used to gather the information that related to the analyzing section. All the findings of the research section is animated by my own piece of study that gathered from the direct meetings with the deputy general manager of ;crony Group†. During the time of stud y there are some limitations which arise and biased my direction of efficiency. First of all the time shortage was a big problem to complete the paper effectively. Secondly the unmanageable path through which I had to go to the managerial role to complete the survey. Thirdly the time of interview, this was too short to know the complete sketch about the company. And after all the immunization via; the communication via with the people during the study was in local language. So it kills my lot of time to translate their word to our program language. And I have also need to explain some basic concept of organizational behavior briefly to the manager. During the time of the survey of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements. You read "Organizational behavior term paper" in category "Free Term paper samples" That was the weather. The report covers the whole picture of behavior management of Crony Group. This report especially emphasizes on the different categories of the managerial role to manage the labor to upgrade the productivity. In future if any report or research paper or term paper is processed to make about human behavior management then this piece of work will help and indicate some scope to implementation in effect. Chapter # 02 Meaning of Organizational behavior Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting; drawing on theory methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual perceptions, values, learning capacities and actions while working in groups and careful application of knowledge about how people- as individuals and as groups- act within the total organization; analyzing the external environment’s effect on the organization and its human resources, missions, objectives and strategies. Fundamental concepts connected with Organizational behavior Fundamental concepts are basic principles that form a strong foundation for BOB. B has a set of fundamental concepts revolving around the nature of people and organizations. The Nature of People The six basic concepts relevant to the nature of people are: Law of individual differences-Each person is substantially different from all others in arms of their personalities, needs, demographic factors and past experiences and/or because they are placed in different physical settings, time periods or social surroundings. This diversity needs to be recognized and viewed as a valuable asset to organizations. Perception- Perception is the unique way in which each person sees, organizes and interprets things based on their background of individual differences. Each person reacts not to an objective world, but to a world Judged in terms of his/her own beliefs, values and expectations. Sometimes it may lead to selective perception in which people tend to pay attention to only those things that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations. Selective perceptions may lead to misinterpretation of single events at work or create a barrier in the search for new experience. Managers need to recognize the perceptual differences among the employees and manage them accordingly. A whole person- People function as total human beings. People are physical, mental, social and spiritual beings and the organization actually employs the whole person rather than certain characteristics. There are spillover effects between the work life ND life outside work and management’s focus should be in developing not only a better employee but also a better person in terms of growth and fulfillment. If the whole person can be developed, then benefits will extend beyond the firm into the larger society in which each employee lives. Motivated behavior- Individual’s behavior is guided by their needs and the consequences that results from their acts. In case of needs, people are motivated not by what others think they ought to have but by what they they want. Motivation of employees is essential to the operation of organizations and the biggest challenge aced by managers. Desire for Involvement-Many employees actively seeks opportunities at work to become involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the organization’s success. Consequently, organizations need to provide opportunities to the employees for meaningful involvement. Value of the Person- People wants to be treated with care, dignity and respect and increasingly they are demanding such treatment from their employers. They want to be valued for their skills and abilities and to be provided with opportunities to develop themselves. For performing these roles, skills required by the managers are: 0 Technical Skills- The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise 0 Human Skills-The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups Conceptual Skills-The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Framing the study of Organizational behavior The study of B involves A. He Organization’s Environment B. The Individual in the Organization C. Interpersonal Influence and Group Behavior D. Organizational Processes, Structure and Design Models of Organizational Behavior Models of Organizational Behavior constitute the belief system that dominates management’s thought and affects management’s actions in each organization. It is very important for the managers to recognize the nature, significance and effectiveness of their ow n models as well as the models of others around them. Assumptions about Employees- Theory X and Theory Y by Mac Gregory (1957) THEORY X The typical person dislikes work and avoids it if possible The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition and seeks security above all Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get hem to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to coerce and control employees THEORY Y Work is as natural as play or rest . People is not inherently lazy. They have become that way as a result of experience People will exercise self direction and self control in the service of the objectives to which they are committed People have potential. Under proper condition they learn to accept and seek responsibility. They have imagination, ingenuity and creativity that can be applied to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to develop the potential in employees and help hem release that potential toward common objectives. Five Models of Organizational Behavior- The five models of Organizational Behavior – Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, Collegial and System, in the order mentioned, represent the historical evolution in management practice. Organizations differ amongst themselves in the model practiced by it. The practices may vary within the departments or branches of one organization. Also, the practices of individual managers may differ from their organization’s prevailing model because of the manager’s personal preference or different conditions in their department. The models of organizational behavior Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System Basis of Model Power Economic resources Leadership Partnership Trust, Community, Meaning Managerial Orientation Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring, compassion Employee Orientation Obedience Security and benefits Job performance Responsible behavior Psychological ownership Employee psychological result Dependence on boss Dependence on organization Participation Self discipline Self motivation Employee needs met Subsistence Security Status and recognition Self actualization Wide range Performance result Minimum Passive cooperation Awakened drives Moderate enthusiasm Passion and commitment to organizational goals. Motivation MOTIVATION Motivation: the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal, specifically for B, toward attaining an organizational goal. Intensity: how hard a person tries to meet a goal. Direction: efforts are channeled toward organizational goals. Persistence: how long a person maintains effort toward a goal. The Motivational Framework Visualizing how motivational processes occur Need: Anything an individual requires/wants Need deficiency: Leads to need to satisfy the need Goal-directed behaviors: Result from trying to satisfy the need deficiency Rewards/ Punishments: Consequences of the goal directed behavior EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Theory Figure: The Hierarchy of Needs Adapted from Abraham H. Moscow, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† In this, perhaps best known (and least supported) of all motivational theories, Abraham Moscow proposed that there are five levels of human needs. As each of the lower level needs are satisfied, the next unsatisfied need becomes dominant. Satisfied needs no longer motivate, only unsatisfied needs motivate people. Physiological: lower order need, includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. Lower order needs are satisfied externally, through forces outside of the person. Safety: lower order need, includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social: upper order need, includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Upper order needs are satisfied internally, that is, from within the person. Esteem: upper order need, includes internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement) and external How to cite Organizational behavior term paper, Essays

Organizational behavior term paper Free Essays

string(78) " survey of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements\." Dear Sir I am delighted to submit an original term paper entitled â€Å"Study of Organizational Behavior in Bangladesh Organization† by my own for consideration of participating n a part of your instruction. We previously reveal all the portion of the course – Organizational Behavior through your smooth direction, and this term paper builds from our fascinating sketch to determine the condition of behavior management through the industry in this country. In this work I tried to elaborate a abbreviated picture of behavior management in Bangladesh organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational behavior term paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe that this manuscript is appropriate to find the satisfactory requirement of your consideration whatever you demanded. I hereby declare that this term paper is my own work and the paper has not copied from anyone. Effort and all other sources of information contained therein have been acknowledged. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, University of Asia Pacific. Acknowledgement First I am very grateful to my Almighty for whom I can compose this research paper successfully in due time. I am obliged to my honorable instructor, Mr.. Cadenzas Chowder under whose guidance and support, this term paper is composed with patience and sincerity. He always motivated us to work on this topic. I would also like to thank Mr.. Human Kabuki, deputy general manager of Crony Group who helps me y giving his valuable time to complete the survey in his own place. The theoretical abstract I have used in this paper is based on the text part of the course – MURMUR and on the lecture of the instructor. I also insert some theoretic division from other eBooks. Table of Content Chapter Title Page No Chapter 1 1. 1 Introduction 8 1. 2 Objective 1. 3 Methodology 9 1. 4 Limitation 1. Scope Chapter 2 Literary Study Chapter 3 Company Profile 32-36 Chapter 4 Findings of Study 37-42 Chapter 5 Conclusion Chapter # 01 Introduction Management is the set of obligations which manage an organization by planning, organizing and leading and directed at an organization’s resources with the aim of achieving organizational goal in an effici ent and effective manner. In an organization every manager has to manage the organizational resources and the goal would be always as productivity. In early age the managerial role of every organization find the financial, physical and human as a tool of resources to get the goal like productivity. But today the management of organization rethink that the human resources are not only as a tool of business. They have a colorful mind which works differently in the time of work in terms of productivity. It has to be managed to reflect a better output in terms of productivity. So from when the management starts to manage the behavior of human resources then a new theory of management was spring upped through the society of organizational management called behavior management or organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting. In every organization there are some people who work in it. Different people has different act of behavior. Sometimes the company is affected by these different behaviors in terms f productivity. Then it would be essential to manage their behavior by the managerial role of the organization. When they do so, then it would be called that the organizational behavior is applied through the organization. In modern time every organization need to manage the behavior of their human resources in order to survive within competition, because it has an ability to arise some extra output by the same resources in terms of productivity. In order to provide an understanding of what goes on at the organization, we need to study about the whole animation of the organization. In this term paper I observe the managerial action of a company and find out some level of observation to identify the nature of management. The whole work whatever I performed in this study was based on the behavioral management that ponders the management of the human resources in terms of behavior to bring out a better productivity in an organization. The main objective of this study is to find out that the behavior management is applied or not in an organization in real life. Dodo so, I had gone too very popular garment factory ;Bantu Color Tex’ the mother factory of the ;crony Group† in Marrying. This is a labor intensive industry which deals with huge number of labors in terms of management within their daily operations. In order to survey the study I had meet with their some top and mid level employee as well as managerial role especially ;Mr.. Human Kabuki† the depute general manager who assemble me with their whole management of behavior management for their workers. 1. Methodology All the information of this study was collected on both primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources were used for fixing the theoretical part of the paper and the primary sources was used to gather the information that related to the analyzing section. All the findings of the research section is animated by my own piece of study that gathered from the direct meetings with the deputy general manager of ;crony Group†. During the time of stud y there are some limitations which arise and biased my direction of efficiency. First of all the time shortage was a big problem to complete the paper effectively. Secondly the unmanageable path through which I had to go to the managerial role to complete the survey. Thirdly the time of interview, this was too short to know the complete sketch about the company. And after all the immunization via; the communication via with the people during the study was in local language. So it kills my lot of time to translate their word to our program language. And I have also need to explain some basic concept of organizational behavior briefly to the manager. During the time of the survey of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements. You read "Organizational behavior term paper" in category "Free Term paper samples" That was the weather. The report covers the whole picture of behavior management of Crony Group. This report especially emphasizes on the different categories of the managerial role to manage the labor to upgrade the productivity. In future if any report or research paper or term paper is processed to make about human behavior management then this piece of work will help and indicate some scope to implementation in effect. Chapter # 02 Meaning of Organizational behavior Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting; drawing on theory methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual perceptions, values, learning capacities and actions while working in groups and careful application of knowledge about how people- as individuals and as groups- act within the total organization; analyzing the external environment’s effect on the organization and its human resources, missions, objectives and strategies. Fundamental concepts connected with Organizational behavior Fundamental concepts are basic principles that form a strong foundation for BOB. B has a set of fundamental concepts revolving around the nature of people and organizations. The Nature of People The six basic concepts relevant to the nature of people are: Law of individual differences-Each person is substantially different from all others in arms of their personalities, needs, demographic factors and past experiences and/or because they are placed in different physical settings, time periods or social surroundings. This diversity needs to be recognized and viewed as a valuable asset to organizations. Perception- Perception is the unique way in which each person sees, organizes and interprets things based on their background of individual differences. Each person reacts not to an objective world, but to a world Judged in terms of his/her own beliefs, values and expectations. Sometimes it may lead to selective perception in which people tend to pay attention to only those things that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations. Selective perceptions may lead to misinterpretation of single events at work or create a barrier in the search for new experience. Managers need to recognize the perceptual differences among the employees and manage them accordingly. A whole person- People function as total human beings. People are physical, mental, social and spiritual beings and the organization actually employs the whole person rather than certain characteristics. There are spillover effects between the work life ND life outside work and management’s focus should be in developing not only a better employee but also a better person in terms of growth and fulfillment. If the whole person can be developed, then benefits will extend beyond the firm into the larger society in which each employee lives. Motivated behavior- Individual’s behavior is guided by their needs and the consequences that results from their acts. In case of needs, people are motivated not by what others think they ought to have but by what they they want. Motivation of employees is essential to the operation of organizations and the biggest challenge aced by managers. Desire for Involvement-Many employees actively seeks opportunities at work to become involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the organization’s success. Consequently, organizations need to provide opportunities to the employees for meaningful involvement. Value of the Person- People wants to be treated with care, dignity and respect and increasingly they are demanding such treatment from their employers. They want to be valued for their skills and abilities and to be provided with opportunities to develop themselves. For performing these roles, skills required by the managers are: 0 Technical Skills- The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise 0 Human Skills-The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups Conceptual Skills-The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Framing the study of Organizational behavior The study of B involves A. He Organization’s Environment B. The Individual in the Organization C. Interpersonal Influence and Group Behavior D. Organizational Processes, Structure and Design Models of Organizational Behavior Models of Organizational Behavior constitute the belief system that dominates management’s thought and affects management’s actions in each organization. It is very important for the managers to recognize the nature, significance and effectiveness of their ow n models as well as the models of others around them. Assumptions about Employees- Theory X and Theory Y by Mac Gregory (1957) THEORY X The typical person dislikes work and avoids it if possible The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition and seeks security above all Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get hem to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to coerce and control employees THEORY Y Work is as natural as play or rest . People is not inherently lazy. They have become that way as a result of experience People will exercise self direction and self control in the service of the objectives to which they are committed People have potential. Under proper condition they learn to accept and seek responsibility. They have imagination, ingenuity and creativity that can be applied to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to develop the potential in employees and help hem release that potential toward common objectives. Five Models of Organizational Behavior- The five models of Organizational Behavior – Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, Collegial and System, in the order mentioned, represent the historical evolution in management practice. Organizations differ amongst themselves in the model practiced by it. The practices may vary within the departments or branches of one organization. Also, the practices of individual managers may differ from their organization’s prevailing model because of the manager’s personal preference or different conditions in their department. The models of organizational behavior Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System Basis of Model Power Economic resources Leadership Partnership Trust, Community, Meaning Managerial Orientation Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring, compassion Employee Orientation Obedience Security and benefits Job performance Responsible behavior Psychological ownership Employee psychological result Dependence on boss Dependence on organization Participation Self discipline Self motivation Employee needs met Subsistence Security Status and recognition Self actualization Wide range Performance result Minimum Passive cooperation Awakened drives Moderate enthusiasm Passion and commitment to organizational goals. Motivation MOTIVATION Motivation: the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal, specifically for B, toward attaining an organizational goal. Intensity: how hard a person tries to meet a goal. Direction: efforts are channeled toward organizational goals. Persistence: how long a person maintains effort toward a goal. The Motivational Framework Visualizing how motivational processes occur Need: Anything an individual requires/wants Need deficiency: Leads to need to satisfy the need Goal-directed behaviors: Result from trying to satisfy the need deficiency Rewards/ Punishments: Consequences of the goal directed behavior EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Theory Figure: The Hierarchy of Needs Adapted from Abraham H. Moscow, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† In this, perhaps best known (and least supported) of all motivational theories, Abraham Moscow proposed that there are five levels of human needs. As each of the lower level needs are satisfied, the next unsatisfied need becomes dominant. Satisfied needs no longer motivate, only unsatisfied needs motivate people. Physiological: lower order need, includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. Lower order needs are satisfied externally, through forces outside of the person. Safety: lower order need, includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social: upper order need, includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Upper order needs are satisfied internally, that is, from within the person. Esteem: upper order need, includes internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement) and external How to cite Organizational behavior term paper, Essays

Steve Jobs Speech-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelpcom

Question Anayse the Steve Jobs Speech. Answer: Introduction Steve Jobs the founder of Apple, Next, Pixar Animation, was acknowledged widely for transforming electronic consumer fields and personal computers world. Steve jobs perseverance has led to enormous growth and development that has an impact on every one of us. The innovations brought forth by Steve jobs has brought about significant change in the world. The innovations comprise of, Macintosh computers, iPhones, and iPods. Steve Jobs are recognized for his brilliant speaking abilities apart from being known for his significant impact in technology world. Contrasting other authors and speakers, Steve jobs incorporated a plenty of rhetorical aspects into his presentation and speech. Steve job was invited at Stanford University to give a commencement speech to graduates of 2005.throughouth the speech; Steve Jobs uses rhetorical figures of speech that enable him to connect with the audience, through his life reflection and personal experience. He appeals to logos, pathos, and ethos of his listeners to support his argument and inspire listeners to go after their dreams. He urges his listeners to do what they love and what pleases them although, times it does not always go as planned. Various rhetorical measures have been used by Steve Jobs to create an emotional appeal in the audience during his speech at Stanford University graduation ceremony. Rhetorical figures generate an impression of a certain degree to the audience, while the context is dependent on this impression (European-rhetoric.com, 2017). Ethos Jobs establish ethos for him, he talks about his second story by explaining, he grew Apple into a two billion company from a garage with four thousand employees with his friend. Steve presents an idea of failure and success, with the aim of making the audience understand what it takes to be successful and procedures for achieving. Steve makes use of metaphor with the intention of evoking pity from the audience when he talks about being fired from Apple the company that he started. He says that, I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about was running away from the valley,(77,81).Steve talks about overcoming this difficulty; he says he even thought of running away but decided to stay and do what he loved doing. He talks about his perseverance and starting again rat her than quitting. Steve started two new big companies NeXT and Pixar, after several years he was back to his position of chief executive officer at Apple. He inspires the audience by saying, the only way to do great work is to love what you do (102,103). He developed ethos when he explains the hardship he faced during his sickness. Steve brings the idea through explaining to the graduates, that they should try to live their own lives, rather than those of others since life is too short. And they should make the most out of it. Steve explained to the graduates that even though the doctors had warned him that he had three to six months to live; he was able to extend his life through conquering challenges that attacked him. Pathos At the start of his speech, he begins by complementing the listeners: I am honored to be with you at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college(6,7). Admitting the he never graduated from university shows humility and makes the audience have a great feeling about them. These are strong opening remarks by Steve jobs increased the receptivity of the message he has for the audience by the audience. In the beginning comments, he makes it clear to the audience what his message is all about. He lays the groundwork for his message by saying that he has three important words for his audience. Strong opening during a speech increases the connectivity of the audience to the speaker by making them more comfortable. Steve establishes pathos in the speech h through showing humility and making the listeners feel accomplished. Creating of pathos helps the speaker and audience feel comfortable during the speech as it releases the tension betwee n them. After the effective, although brief introduction, Steve discusses the three stories of his life that all the audience can relate. Steve establishes a simple structure that during his speech. He is very concise of sentence structure. The structure of his statement is based on three main points. Steve begins the first part of his remarks based on his background story through stating that, my biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adopting option( 14,15).He discussed about how he grew up and how he dropped out of college after six months of admission. However he introduces the twist that is very surprising to his dropout, he said that dropping out was the best thing that ever happened to him. He employs the use an antithesis: is a figure of speech using juxtaposition of contrasting word, often in parallel structure (Elevanto, 2017).He says, if I had never dropped out, I would never drop in.(jobs).according to jobs dropping out all owed him to do what he loved the most. He stopped taking classes that did not interest him and focused on those that looked interesting to him. Through taking classes that interested him made jobs discovered his love for Calligraphy, which eventually becomes the source of his income ten years later when he designed first Macintosh computer. Jobs then share his humor with the audience through showing what the benefit of taking the risky step of the unknown can lead. Through sharing of his background story to the Steve appeals to pathos, through the use of emotional story which the listener can relate to. Steve made it clear to the students that as long s they pursue their dreams they will achieve it and become successful. He made it clear that the background does not define your future but the path that they decide to take is what will define their future.Steve final story on his medical condition, generate feelings of sympathy in the audience through use of simple statements. Which create emotional and personal connections. Steve uses pathos when he says, About year ago I was diagnosed with cancer(121). Jobs appeals to both pathos and logos while sharing his death view with the aim of providing proof to his claim. He says remembering that I will be dead soon, is the most important thing Ive ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failu re-these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going you are going to die the best way I know to void the trap of thinking you have something to lose .you are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart(114,120).Steve simplifies the idea of death and life in a more skillfully way to his audience. He proves to the audience that life should not be spent wastefully or living other people lives since its short. Life should be spent doing what one love. Logos A sense of logo is shown in the speech when Jobs state that it wasnt all romantic. I did not have a room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coke bottle for the 5c deposit to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a weak at the Hare Krishna temple(35,38).By sharing this, jobs makes it clear to the student that the path of achieving dreams is full of stumbling blocks and hardship as well as a lot of sacrifices that one has to make. To achieve the set dream is not a walk in the park. Steve tries to show his audience that if he could overcome the hardship, then the graduates can overcome s well.Jobs uses antithesis to end his first main point by saying, you cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backward,(60,61) The rhetoric techniques of antithesis, transition Steve into his second main point of his story .Steve tell the audience that, so you have to trust the dots will somehow connect in your future .You have to trust in something; your guts, destiny life, and karma. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life, (61,63). Rhetorical devices. Steve strengthens the rhetorical aspect of his speech through the use of repetition. This is illustrated when job says Dont settle. If you havent found it yet, keep looking. Dont settle,(104). as with all matters of the heart, you will know when you find it.And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle (104,106).Use of metaphors allows jobs to put more emphasis on his ideas and engage the audience further. As the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Dont settle (106).Use of metaphors allows jobs to put more emphasis on his ideas and engage the audience further. Through the use of rhetorical devices such as antithesis, personification, metaphors, and anaphora, jobs show his audience how he spent his life. This is more clearly when he talks about founding Pixar and founding next, and even in meeting his wife, Laureen. He says, Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I had not been fired from Apple. It awful tasted medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith,(96,98).utilization of anaphora figure of speech is seen when jobs repeat a phrase at the beginning of clause. When he says remembering that I will be dead soon, is the most important tool Ive ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because of almost everything all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important(114,120).The use of anaphora is seen when jobs repeat the word All at the sta rt of the three clauses. Conclusion At the end of his speech, jobs repeat the phrase stay hungry. Stay foolish through this statement; Job urges the students to be eager to learn new things and be willing to try new things. He also encourages the students to continue pushing themselves towards achieving of their goals. Steve jobs simple way of delivering his speech to the audience, during the graduation commencement, has created a logo for him as a trustworthy yet straightforward person. Through sharing his experience in career path, he has made it clear to the students that where you are at the moment does not matter, what matter is what one does to change the current situation at hand. Through sharing of his experience of success and failures, he has made it clear to the graduates that, to achieve one's dreams, there are stumbling block that might cause you to fall, all that matter is what one decides to do after drop is what matters. Throughout his speech he has been able to make the audience go through, and various emotions. He has been able to make his audience relate to his belief thus creating pathos. Steve urges graduates to find what they love in life and go after their passion. They will live a Successful life if they follow their heart and intuition. References Report, S 2005, 'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says, https://news.stanford.edu/2005/06/14/jobs-061505/ Elevanto. (2017). Speech Analysis: Steve Jobs at Stanford University - Elevanto. [online] Available at: https://elevanto.co/speech-analysis-steve-jobs-at-stanford-university/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. European-rhetoric.com. (2017). Steve Jobs Use of Figures of Speech in the iPhone Presentation. [online] Available at: https://www.european-rhetoric.com/analyses/ikeynote-analysis-iphone/steve-jobs-figures-speech/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017].